by robertdreed » Mon Oct 02, 2006 12:25 am
I think Killing Hope is a good book. Maybe Blum should next turn his attention to the activities of the Soviet Union and Maoist China during the same time period, as a way of illustrating the fact that American actions during the Cold War weren't undertaken in a power vacuum. <br><br>DE, you're still primarily bringing up decades-old examples from the Cold War era. You still make it sound as if the American-assisted military coups of that era were primarily CIA directives rather than actions done at the behest of the president in power at the time and his advisers. <br><br>"look at who the CIA installed in power in so many of these coups. Take Guatemala or, particularly Chile, but also have a look at Greece, for example. Almost always, it is rightwing, sometimes overt fascists who receive CIA support. Why do you suppose that is? Why not install genuine democracies (if you pardon the oxymoron of "installing democracies")?"<br><br>The typical response from someone involved in American conduct of foreign policy during the Cold War would be that the reason the USA nearly always allied with the far right when they wanted to overthrow a government that they viewed as unacceptable or hostile was because they required people who meant business, who were as implacable as the Communists. The axiom in those days was that once a nation came under Communist control, the leaders would control it so tightly that all future hope of political pluralism would be lost- so it was better to support a right-wing regime, which could over time be influenced to loosen its grip and at some poiont be persuaded to grant its people an increasing share of political liberty. Right or wrong, that was what American policymakers thought, pretty much right on up to the president- until Jimmy Carter's tenure. Carter was the first president ever to speak about something that every previous Cold War era president knew but never brought up- that many of the regimes supported by the USA were brutal violators of human rights. But Carter's single term was widely viewed as a foreign policy disaster by Cold Warriors- Iran turned anti-American, Nicaragua turned Marxist as the result of a revolutionary overthrow of a long-time US ally, a left-wing government came to power from a coup d'etat in Grenada, etc.- a chain of events which allowed his Republican adversaries to label him as incompetent to counter the Soviet Union, and a charge which helped lead to Carter's defeat at the hands of an arch-Cold Warrior, Ronald Reagan.<br><br>"Simple answer: men like Pinochet represent the true agenda of the CIA...they are the true face of what CIA and all the various streams of power I've mentioned would like to see installed throughout the world. We know this, because these are, in fact, exactly the kind of regimes they DO install. By their fruits you shall know them."<br><br>If it were indeed that simple, then why aren't all of these right-wing regimes still in power today, supported by the CIA against any challenges to their power? The Greek junta (1967-1975) fell from power in 1975, and civilian democratic rule was restored. The Brazilian junta (1964-1985)returned to an electoral democracy and civilian leadership in 1985, during Ronald Reagan's presidency. It presently has a duly elected center-left government. The Argentine junta (1976-1983) got into a war with the Conservative Thatcher regime in Britain and got its ass summarily kicked, which led to its downfall and the restoration of civilian rule in 1983. Argentina presently has a duly elected center-left government. Bolivia's junta (1971-1983) gave way to civilian rule in 1983. The country presently has an elected civilian populist-left wing government. The Uruguayan military junta (1973-1984) rescinded martial law and ceded power to a civilian government in 1984. Paraguay (1954-1989), the longest-lived dictatorship in the world, held multiparty elections in 1989. The Chilean junta (1973-1989) has stepped down and ceded power to a multi-party civilian democracy. The president of Chile today is a female socialist, Michelle Bachelet, of the Socialist Party. <br><br>If "the CIA" really does have a preference for government by fascist military rule, then how do you explain that history? <br><br>I realize that it isn't as simple as saying that post-Cold War Latin America has entered a new millenium of freedom and prosperity, end of story. The debate over neoliberalism and privatization, and continued focus on to what extent all of those countries are actually governed by wealthy private interests serving private ends, needs to continue. <br><br>But compare the track record of the nations of Soviet bloc Eastern Europe during the Cold War: Romania, 1-party rule from 1947 to 1989. Bulgaria, 1-party rule from 1946 to 1989. Hungary, 1-party rule from 1948 to the mid-1980s, with the exception of a brief period of anti-Soviet revolt in 1956, suppressed with the aid of the military of a foreign nation, the USSR. Czechoslovakia, 1-party rule from 1948 to 1989, with the exception of the famous "Prague Spring" under the leadership of Alexander Dubcek in 1968, suppressed by the military of a foreign nation, the USSR. Poland, 1-party rule from 1948 to 1989. The German Democratic Republic, 1-party rule from 1949 to 1989. <br><br>It appears plain from perusing the historical record that the American Cold War era maxim- that any nation coming under political control by Communists would henceforth permanently lose any hope of political pluralism or an open society- was by no means simply a propaganda fiction. <br><br>I don't think that excuses everything that the CIA and American foreign policy makers did during that era, but it at least provides some historical context and perspective for their actions. <br><br>I don't want to get into the list of human rights abuses and civil liberties suppression associated with each of those nations during that time period. I could link, cut, and paste some other general summaries, but I'm taking up enough space with this post already. And it's an easy search for anyone using the obvious terms. <br><br>Well, okay- I'll excerpt one reference, about one Soviet bloc country from that era:<br><br>"...Romania was proclaimed a republic, and remained under direct military and economic control of the USSR until the late 1950s. During this period, Romania's scarce resources left after WWII were drained by the "SovRom" agreements: mixed Soviet-Romanian companies established in the aftermath of World War II to mask the looting of Romania by the Soviet Union, in addition to excessive war reparations paid to the USSR. A large number of people were arbitrarily imprisoned for political, economical or unknown reasons: detainees in prisons or camps, deported, persons under house arrest, administrative detainees, psychiatric internees for political reasons. Estimations vary, from 60,000 [2], 80,000 [3], up to two millions.[4] There were hundreds of thousands of abuses, deaths and incidents of torture against a large range of people, from political opponents to ordinary citizens, bringing gloom over Romania. [5] According to some estimations, 200,000 people lost their lives as victims of the communist regime in Romania between 1948 and 1964..." <!--EZCODE AUTOLINK START--><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania</a><!--EZCODE AUTOLINK END--><br><br><br>I'm actually much more interested in the recent history and possible future direction of the CIA in the post-Cold War world, it being the case that their original mission and ostensible primary reason for existence vanished around 17 years ago. But if you want to keep talking about the Cold War, I'm fine with that, too. <p></p><i>Edited by: <A HREF=http://p216.ezboard.com/brigorousintuition.showUserPublicProfile?gid=robertdreed>robertdreed</A> at: 10/1/06 10:37 pm<br></i>