by Dreams End » Tue Dec 20, 2005 1:38 pm
Scollon said this:<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr> I'm sorry, painting the neocons as actually wanting nice things (like democracy) to happen comes from a parallel universe....<hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>Yes..and that's exactly what the article you posted did. I said, quite clearly, in my post that such thinking about how policy is made at that level is naive. But I was taking the article at face value to see where it lead. It leads nowhwere. <br><br>And this:<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>It's my understanding that the World Jewish Congress (in the USA of course) first declared a trade embargo against Germany then actual war even though they knew millions of German Jews were in very dire danger indeed and their ultimate fate came from a reaction to those acts. These are the precursors to the neocons.<hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>Funny you bring that up. I actually spent some time learning about that very issue. And it's a fascinating one.<br><br>This is a summary of the first few chapters of the book <!--EZCODE UNDERLINE START--><span style="text-decoration:underline">The Transfer Agreement</span><!--EZCODE UNDERLINE END--> by Edwin Black. I confess I've only read the chapters available online here: <!--EZCODE AUTOLINK START--><a href="http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/b/black-edwin/t-index.html">www.nizkor.org/hweb/peopl...index.html</a><!--EZCODE AUTOLINK END--> and have not read the entire book yet. <br><br>Hitler came to power and was virulently anti-Semitic from the start. Mein Kempf, the first edition of which was dedicated to his ideological predecessor and hero - American Fascist Henry Ford, was quite clear about the role of Jews in the world -- how they controlled all the machinery of power that led to World War 1 and the Versailles treaty and Communism and the economic and moral destruction of Germany.<br><br>The American Jewish Congress which you mentioned was actually formed in response to the pro-German and anti-Eastern European attitudes of the American Jewish Committee's leadership. The leadership of the committee was drawn exclusively from the upper classes, primarily from German immigrants. It is clear that class interests divide within the Jewish people, just as it divides all others. <br><br>In fact, another organization, B'Nai Brith, a benevolent society, was founded in 1843 specifically out of concern that the "backward" and "uncultured" Jewish immigrants from Eastern European countries, who were also usually rather poor, would provoke anti-Semitic feelings in the US. It was this attitude toward their "lesser cousins" that provoked the feeling that led to the American Jewish Congress, formed primarily from more middle and working class Jews and representing a far broader base of support than the Committee. <br><br>The Committee and Congress were split on how to represent Jewish interests after World War 1 when the entire map of Europe was being re-examined in light of ethnic, linguistic and religious identities.<br><br>It was the Congress that triumphed with the Balfour agreement and the promises of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. There had always been a small community of Jews there since the Diaspora, and the numbers had grown in the late nineteenth century due to waves of European anti-Semitism. <br><br>Now pay attention to this interesting note: the COMMITTEE was AGAINST a Jewish homeland, feeling it would allow anti-Semitic governments an easier path to ridding their countries of Jews. This is important, because the leadership of this Committee, as I mentioned, was drawn from Jewish upper classes, with familiar names such as Warburg and Schiff. While the tautological reasoning of the average anti-Semite on this board will simply find this as proof that Jews cleverly created "fake" divisions in order to fool the world, sane people will see that Jewish leadership was very divided on the issue of Palestine and it's the names most often associated with the "conspiracy" who were AGAINST the establishment of a Jewish homeland. It was the Congress, and it's far broader membership base, that pushed for this issue.<br><br>In general, the Committee (as well as Bnai Brith) was still attached to Germany and many still had family and business interests there. Their entire approach was conservative...hoping to stir the pot as little as possible in a futile attempt to keep the Jews of German off the radar screen. It was a failed approach and one that would be overruled by the masses of Jews represented by the Congress.<br><br>So Hitler came to power with his copies of Ford's "The International Jew" clutched to his bosom. Hitler and his thugs did not play games. From the outset, the anti-Jewish violence began. Word got out and Jews around the world were horrified. The question was: how to respond?<br><br>The Congress, Committee and B'nai Brith met to plan a strategy and the decision was made merely to "watch developments" in a wait-and-see strategy that would hopefully protect German Jews (as well as the many lodges of the B'nai Brith within Germany.)<br><br>The Congress, however, did not intend to go along with this plan and chose the path of protest. And while scollon's reference to the Jewish "declaration of war", that tired chestnut of the fascist right, greatly mischaracterizes the Jewish Congress's approach (they had no actual military, of course), a more confrontational stance was adopted. <br><br>There had been some history of success of such stances, particularly of boycotts. Henry Ford faced a Jewish boycott of his cars, for example, and while it is not clear exactly what role the boycott played in the downturn of Ford's fortunes (Chrysler came on line about then and other economic factors surely contributed), Ford PERCEIVED the boycott as hurting him and issued a PUBLIC WRITTEN APOLOGY for his anti-Semitic views. Hitler, crestfallen at the capitulation of his hero, removed Ford's name from Mein Kempf.<br><br>A vice president of the Congress, Joseph Tenenbaum put it this way in 1933. This is, I believe, the famous "declaration of war":<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>"Germany is not a speck on Mars. It is a civilized country, located in the heart of Europe, relying on friendly cooperation and commercial intercourse with the nations of the world.... A bellum judaicum-war against the Jews-means boycott, ruin, disaster, the end of German resources, and the end of all hope for the rehabilitation of Germany, whose friends we have not ceased to be." Measuring his final words carefully, Tenenbaum spoke sternly, "May God save Germany from such a national calamity."<hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>(All quotes are taken from the <!--EZCODE UNDERLINE START--><span style="text-decoration:underline">Transfer Agreement</span><!--EZCODE UNDERLINE END-->, linked above...footnotes and references are available on that site.)<br><br>As mentioned, because of Ford's experience, Hitler took the threat of a Jewish boycott seriously. And, given the rhetoric and violence against the Jews, can we find fault with this approach? The Committee did, for they worried that such an approach would confirm anti-Jewish conspiracy theories and further stoke the flames of anti-Semitism in Germany. Do you see the dilemma here? If Jews do nothing, Hitler's agenda goes unchallenged. If they act with broad unity in an economic and political struggle to defeat Nazism, they are considered part of a worldwide Jewish conspiracy. While I have far less sympathy with the conservative Committee's approach, you can see why they might have this reluctance.<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>The committee's reluctance was based upon urgent communications from prominent Jewish families to kill any anti-German protest or boycott. German Jewish leaders were convinced that the German public would abandon the Nazis once the economy improved. And even if Hitler remained in power, German Jewish leaders felt some compromise would be struck to provide Jewish cooperation for economic convalescence. Hitler might then quietly modify, or set aside, his anti-Semitic campaign.<hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>It was the lesson of Hitler to all the world that such hopes are often unfounded.<br><br>Ultimately, it was not even the Congress which initiated the protests and boycott, but the Jewish War Veterans:<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>Shouts for and against a boycott bounced back and forth as the delegates debated how far the protest against Hitler should actually go. Speeches, interruptions, calls to order, and sporadic applause stretched the meeting well past midnight with no decision. Unable to make their deadlines, the press went home. Finally, to break the deadlock, Benjamin Sperling of Brooklyn, formally moved that the Jewish War Veterans organize a vigorous national boycott of all German goods, services, and shipping lines. The yells in favor were abundant, but the presiding officer insisted on a formal vote, and with a flurry of excitement the boycott was unanimously adopted.(1<!--EZCODE EMOTICON START 8) --><img src=http://www.ezboard.com/images/emoticons/glasses.gif ALT="8)"><!--EZCODE EMOTICON END--> It was done so in accordance with the JWV's charter: "To combat the sources of bigotry and darkness; wherever originating and whatever their target; to uphold the fair name of the Jew and fight his battle wherever unjustly assailed." <br><hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>This split was evident all over. European Jewish organizations counseled patience. Zionist organizations tried to tone down anti-Nazi rhetoric so as not to inflame anti-Semitic feelings. When the Swastika was first unfurled in the German Consulates in Jerusalem and Jaffa, angry Jews threatened to storm the buildings. Zionist leaders, concerned about fundraising and organizing for their cause in Germany, sought to pacify the angry protesters.<br><br>Meanwhile, the debate continued in America:<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>In Berlin, the Hitler regime was clearly worried. Atrocity reports covered the front pages of newspapers on both sides of the Atlantic. Der Forverts correspondent Jacob Leschinsky's report from Berlin was typical: "One can find no words to describe the fear and despair, the tragedy that envelops the German Jews. They are being beaten, terrorized, murdered and...compelled to keep quiet. The Hitler regime flames up with anger because it has been forced through fear of foreign public opinion to forego a mass slaughter.... It threatens, however, to execute big pogroms if Jews in other countries make too much fuss about the pogroms it has hitherto indulged in." The dispatch was carried by The New York Times and many other newspapers. Leschinsky, immediately after the dispatch, was arrested and expelled.(22) <br><br>Atrocity scandals were complicating almost every attempt at the German economic and diplomatic recovery Hitler desperately needed to stay in power. The Jews of New York would have to be stopped. Within a few days, the reconvened Reichstag was scheduled to approve sweeping dictatorial powers enabling Hitler to circumvent the legislature and rule by decree. But this talk of an international Jewish-led boycott was frightening Germany's legislators. Such a boycott could disable German export industries, affecting every German family. Goebbels expressed the Nazi fear in his diary: "The horrors propaganda abroad gives us much trouble. The many Jews who have left Germany have set all foreign countries against us.... We are defenselessly exposed to the attacks of our adversaries." But as Nazi newspapers castigated German Jewry for the protests of their landsmen overseas, German Jews themselves responded with letters, transatlantic calls, and cables to stifle American Jewish objections to Hitler. <br><br>When the Congress' emergency protest planning conference convened on March 19 at New York's Astor Hotel, Committee representatives arrived with a prepared statement. It read: "It is only natural for decent and liberal-minded men and women to feel outraged at these occurrences and...to give public expression to their indignation and abhorrence, (but) the American Jewish Committee and the B'nai B'rith are convinced that the wisest and the most effective policy for the Jews of America to pursue is to exercise the same fine patience, fortitude and exemplary conduct that have already overwrought feelings, but to act wisely, judiciously and deliberately.(24) <hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>Ultimately, protest was adopted over Committee objections, but boycott was not an official part of it. As mentioned, it was the Jewish War Veterans who actually started that movement. They were soon joined by Polish Jews who sought to frame the boycott not just in terms of protesting anti-Semitism, but out of nationalist and security concerns over Hitler's desire to take the "Polish corridor." An international Jewish movement against Nazism had begun. <br><br>Too bad the feelings were not echoed in Washington:<br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr><br>Roosevelt himself had shown little official concern for the plight of Germany's Jews. Shortly before the inauguration in the first week of March, one of Wise's friends, Lewis Strauss, tried to convince outgoing President Hoover and President-elect Roosevelt to send a joint message of alarm to the German government. Although Hoover sent word of his concern through the American ambassador in Berlin, FDR refused to get involved.(34) <hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>The Committee and B'Nai Brith continued to lobby Washington to counter the efforts of Rabbi Stephen Wise of the Congress. Perceived in Washington as leaders of the Jewish community, Washington was eager to embrace their more staid approach, as the US government itself simply did not want to get involved:<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>Shortly after the Committee-B'nai B'rith mission left Washington, Hull dispatched a cable to George A. Gordon, America's charge d'afffaires in Germany: "Public opinion in this country continues alarmed at the persistent press reports of mistreatment of Jews in Germany.... I am of the opinion that outside intercession has rarely produced the results desired and has frequently aggravated the situation. Nevertheless, if you perceive any way in which this government could usefully be of assistance, I should appreciate your frank and confidential advice. On Monday next [March 27] there is to be held in New York a monster mass meeting. If prior to that date an amelioration in the situation has taken place, which you could report [for]... release to the press, together with public assurances by Hitler and other leaders, it would have a calming effect.(4<!--EZCODE EMOTICON START 8) --><img src=http://www.ezboard.com/images/emoticons/glasses.gif ALT="8)"><!--EZCODE EMOTICON END--> In essence, Hull was asking for an encouraging report-justified or not-to soothe angry Jewish groups. Thus, he could cooperate with the Committee request as well. <br><br>Within twenty-four hours, Gordon composed a response to Hull: "I entirely agree with your view...[of] the present situation of outside intercession.... There is...one suggestion I venture to make in case you have already not thought of it.... [T]he general tenor of communications between foreigners and the government here has necessarily been one of complaint and protest, and it is possible that if confidence [were expressed] in Hitler's determination to restore peaceful and normal conditions, emphasizing what a great place he will achieve in the estimation of the world if he is able to bring it about, it might have a helpful effect.... Hitler now represents the element of moderation in the Nazi Party and I believe that if in any way you can strengthen his hand, even indirectly, he would welcome it."(49) <hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>A big march against Nazism took place on March 27, 1933. It was a great success:<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>Many thousands of cheering sympathetic watchers encouraged the thousands of Jewish and non-Jewish vets as the parade moved through the East Side to City Hall where Mayor O'Brien was waiting on the reviewing stand. With much fanfare and applause, resolutions were presented demanding diplomatic measures and an economic protest against the Reich. Dovetailing with the JWV protest parade was a variety of sympathetic conferences, petitions, and resolutions by interfaith and nonsectarian groups, including the American Federation of Labor, which pledged its 3 million members to fighting Nazism here and in Germany.(5) <br><br>March 23 was a success for the Jewish War Veterans. Their boycott kickoff generated maximum publicity. One radio station covered the day with updates every fifteen minutes. Extensive support was offered by those in prominence and power-as well as by the anonymous faces in the crowd, outraged and merely waiting for a raised hand to lead the protest against Adolf Hitler. <hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>As mentioned, Hitler felt he had reason to fear an international protest movement and boycott. He used the economic suffering of the Germans as a rhetorical tool against the Jews:<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>Hitler's own words expressed the scapegoat rationale. Preaching to frantic, impoverished Germans, the Nazi leader cried: "Not so long ago, Germany was prosperous, strong, and respected by all. It is not your fault Germany was defeated in the war and has suffered so much since. You were betrayed in 1918 by Marxists, international Jewish bankers, and corrupt politicians.<hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>Familiar words around here.<br><br>However, Hitler had an economy to manage...an economy based in large part on exports. Boycotts were not going to help.<br><br>But even this type of "warfare" as Scollon wants to call it, did not begin with the Jews:<br><br><!--EZCODE QUOTE START--><blockquote><strong><em>Quote:</em></strong><hr>Nazi preoccupation with the anti-German boycott was not merely fear of Jewish power. The Nazis dogmatically believed in the power of boycotts in general. Boycott had long been a prime tactic of the German anti-Semitic movement. When in 1873 an economic depression followed a stock market fall, the German Conservative party falsely blamed Jewish speculators and organized anti-Semitic campaigns, including boycotts. A few year later, the Catholic party joined the movement, coining the motto "Don't buy from Jews." By 1880, Berlin women's organizations had formed housewife boycott committees.(1<!--EZCODE EMOTICON START 8) --><img src=http://www.ezboard.com/images/emoticons/glasses.gif ALT="8)"><!--EZCODE EMOTICON END--> <br><br>During the years prior to 1933, Hitler, Goebbels, Goering, and other Nazi leaders regularly struggled to attract public support by advocating the anti-Jewish boycott. Brownshirt pickets around a store with signs reading DON'T BUY FROM JEWS served to remind Germans of the Jew's secure economic status and warn Jews of what was in store should National Socialism come to power. The Nazis were convinced that an official countrywide boycott would totally destroy the commercial viability of the Jews in Germany<hr></blockquote><!--EZCODE QUOTE END--><br><br>Needless to say, Europe and America were soon embroiled in a world war and, as I think is clear, Hitler's treatment of the Jews was not the primary concern of the Allies. It is interesting to wonder what might have happened had Europe and America taken a harder stance against Hitler from the beginning. As we know, American industrialists in the US actively financed Hitler and openly considered whether fascism might not be the best form of government for the US as well.<br><br>But the point of this story, in the context of this thread is that this oversimplification of history, especially regarding Jews and Zionists, merely propagates tired, anti-Semitic cliches, such as scollon's statement about Jews "declaring war" on Germany. Scollon's position would suggest that Jews should have done nothing as brown-shirts assaulted Jews and destroyed Jewish businesses. Should they decide to act, as they did, this adds fuel to the fire of anti-Semite conspiracy theory.<br><br>The great irony, as I mentioned, is that the leaders and primary constituency of the Committee...conservative German immigrants from wealthy (including banking) families with business ties to Germany, with names such as Schiff and Warburg, were actually ANTI-Zionist. They supported charitable relief efforts in Palestine for the Jewish community there, but ultimately were turned off by the "lumpen" nature of the movement and the "Bolshevik" ideology of the kibbutzim. Felix Warburg was central to the Zionist/anti-Zionist dialogue and was always concerned that the Jews in Palestine not make waves. He even went so far in 1929 to defend the Arabs in the wake of anti-Jewish riots.<br><br>(For a long look at the role of Felix Warburg's role in the issues involving Zionism and Palestine, see: "Felix Warburg and the Palestinian Arabs: A Re-Assessment" available as an HTML file <br><!--EZCODE LINK START--><a href="http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:AHwtPX7suVEJ:www.americanjewisharchives.org/aja/journal/PDF/Article54v1-Medoff.pdf+%22felix+warburg%22+reassessment&hl=en&client=firefox">here</a><!--EZCODE LINK END-->.)<br><br>Or maybe I should have just said: scollon...are you REALLY trying to blame Hitler's actions against Jews on the Jews themselves?<br><br><br> <p></p><i>Edited by: <A HREF=http://p216.ezboard.com/brigorousintuition.showUserPublicProfile?gid=dreamsend@rigorousintuition>Dreams End</A> at: 12/20/05 10:42 am<br></i>