by johnny nemo » Mon Aug 07, 2006 5:57 pm
The Founding Fathers DID NOT revolt against a 1% tax, they revolted against "taxation without representation". <br>James Otis (February 5, 1725 – May 23, 1783) was a lawyer in colonial Massachusetts who was an early advocate of the political views that led to the American Revolution. The phrase<!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong> "Taxation without Representation is Tyranny"</strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END--> is usually attributed to him, along with the phrases <!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong>"If we are not represented, we are slaves"</strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END--> and "A man's house is his castle".<br><br>As to your Anarchist Founding Father fairy tale, I suggest that you read the Federalist Papers, which shows the true attitude of our Founding Fathers was simply to establish their own autonomy, and that they should then direct the affairs of men.<br>They were rich landowners who wanted autonomy over their money, land and slaves.<br>They were NOT anarchs who wanted to overthrow the King; they were statists who wanted their own kingdom.<br><br>Also, your revisionist version of Anarchist Libertarianism, like most of your argument, does not agree with the actual historical facts.<br><br>Read this and see the truth.<br><!--EZCODE AUTOLINK START--><a href="http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/contemp/pamsetc/socfrombel/sfb_3.htm">www.anu.edu.au/polsci/mar.../sfb_3.htm</a><!--EZCODE AUTOLINK END--><br><br><!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong>THE MYTH OF ANARCHIST LIBERTARIANISM</strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END--><br><br>ANOTHER RADICAL doctrine developed during the period of the 1830s-- anarchism. Anarchism is often considered to represent current of radical thought that is truly democratic and libertarian. It is hailed in some quarters as the only true political philosophy freedom. The reality is quite different. <!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong>From its inception anarchism has been a profoundly anti-democratic doctrine. Indeed the two most important founders of anarchism, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Michael Bakunin, developed theories that were elitist and authoritarian to the core. While later anarchists may have abandoned some of the excesses' of their founding fathers their philosophy remains hostile to ideas of mass democracy and workers' power.</strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END--> <br><br>It is certainly true that anarchism developed in opposition to the growth of capitalist society. What's more, anarchist hostility to capitalism centered on defence of the liberty of the individual. But the liberty defended by the anarchists was not the freedom of the working class to make collectively a new society. Rather, anarchism defended the freedom of the small property owner--the shopkeeper, artisan and tradesman--against the encroachments of large-scale capitalist enterprise. Anarchism represented the anguished cry of the small property owner against the inevitable advance of capitalism. For that reason, it glorified values from the past: individual property, the patriarchal family, racism. <br><br>Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, widely proclaimed 'the father of anarchism', is a case in point. A printer by vocation, Proudhon strongly opposed the emergence of capitalism in France. But Proudhon's opposition to capitalism was largely backward-looking in character. He did not look forward to a new society founded upon communal property which would utilise the greatest inventions of the industrial revolution. Instead, Proudhon considered small, private property the basis of his utopia. His was a doctrine designed not for the emerging working class, but for the disappearing petit bourgeoisie of craftsmen, small traders and rich peasants.<!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong> In fact Proudhon so feared the organised power of the developing working class that he went so far as to oppose trade unions and support police strike-breaking. <br><br>Worst still, he violently opposed democracy. 'All this democracy disgusts me', he wrote. And his notes for an ideal society involved the suppression of elections, of a free press, and of public meetings of more than 20 people. He looked forward to a 'general inquisition' and the condemnation of 'several million people' to forced labour. The masses, he wrote are 'only savages ... whom it is our duty to civilise, and without making them our sovereign.' <br><br>Consistent with this outlook, Proudhon supported nearly every backward- looking cause available to him. He was a rabid racist reserving his greatest hatred for Jews, whose 'extermination' he advocated. He opposed emancipation for the American blacks and backed the cause of the southern slave owners during the American Civil War. Likewise, he denounced women's liberation, writing that 'For woman liberty and well-being lie solely in marriage, in motherhood, in domestic duties ...' </strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END--><br><br>George Lichtheim, in his book The Origins of Socialism, has written quite accurately that <br><br><br> <!--EZCODE ITALIC START--><em> It is difficult to name a single author, alive or <br> dead, of whom Proudhon ever found anything good to <br> say. His other crochets included antisemitism, <br> Anglophobia, tolerance for slavery (he publicly <br> sided with the South during the American civil war),<br> dislike of Germans, Italians, Poles--indeed of all <br> non-French nationalities--and a firmly patriarchal <br> view of family life ... After this it comes as no <br> surprise that he believed in inherent inequalities <br> among the races or that he regarded women as <br> inferior beings.</em><!--EZCODE ITALIC END--><br><br>The Russian 'father of anarchism', Michael Bakunin, shared most of Proudhon's views. Indeed, Bakunin was fond of claiming to his fellow anarchists that 'Proudhon is the master of us all'. <!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong>Bakunin shared his master's anti-semitism--he was convinced that the Jews had constructed an international conspiracy that included Karl Marx and the wealthy Rothschild family.</strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END--> He was a Great Russian chauvinist convinced that the Russians were ordained to lead humanity into anarchist utopia. And what that utopia might have looked like is hinted at by Bakunin's organisational methods, which were overwhelmingly elitist and authoritarian. As one historian has written of Bakunin, <br><br> <!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong>The International Brotherhood he founded in Naples<br> in 1865-66 was as conspiratorial and dictatorial as <br> he could make it, for Bakunin's libertarianism <br> stopped short of the notion of permitting anyone to <br> contradict him.</strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END--> The Brotherhood was conceived on the<br> Masonic model, with elaborate rituals, a hierarchy, <br> and a self-appointed directory consisting of Bakunin <br> and a few associates.<br><br>These characteristics of Bakunin and Proudhon were not mere quirks of personality. Their elitism, authoritarianism and support for backward- looking and narrow-minded causes are rooted in the very nature of anarchist doctrine. <br><br>Originating in the revolt of small property owners against the centralising and collectivising trends in capitalist development (the tendency to concentrate production in fewer and fewer large workplaces),<!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong> anarchism has always been rooted in a hostility to democratic and collectivist practices</strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END-->. The early anarchists feared the organised power of the modern working class. To this day, most anarchists defend the 'liberty' of the private individual against the democratically made decisions of collective groups. Anarchist oppose even the most democratic forms of collective organisation of social life. <!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong>As the Canadian anarchist writer George Woodcock explains: 'Even were democracy possible, the anarchist would still not support it ... Anarchists do not advocate political freedom. What they advocate is freedom from politics ...' That is to say, anarchists reject any decision-making process in which the majority of people democratically determine the policies they will support. </strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END--><br><br>There is, however, another trend which is sometimes associated with anarchism. This is syndicalism.<!--EZCODE BOLD START--><strong> The syndicalist outlook does believe in collective working class action to change society. Syndicalists look to trade union action--such as general strikes--to overthrow capitalism. </strong><!--EZCODE BOLD END-->Although some syndicalist viewpoints share a superficial similarity with anarchism --particularly with its hostility to politics and political action--syndicalism is not truly a form of anarchism. By accepting the need for mass, collective action and decision-making, syndicalism is much superior to classical anarchism. However, by rejecting the idea of working class political action, syndicalism has never been able to give real direction to attempts by workers to change society.<br><br><br> <p></p><i></i>