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Q: The signature Moon Wiring Club sound is even more specific, probably because it’s so closely tied to its process and origins: the Playstation. How did that even happen?
A: I always wanted to do music. But at the time, around 2001, with something like Cubase, I found it too difficult to figure out what I wanted to use it for. However, I’d also played a lot of computer games; I still do. There’s a game you can get for Playstation 2 called MTV Music Generator; the memory capacity is extremely short, so I gave up with it very quickly - at first. I wanted 6 minute tracks. But I played around with it over time and learnt how to take its shortcomings and manipulate them into beat tracks. Because it was a game - because it was not software - it was alluring, and I kept at it. If you’re obsessive with a computer game, you can train yourself to do things very fast, it’s ridiculous! I eventually became adept at it and loaded my own samples into it and started to use it my own way to create really awful, naff music that no one will ever hear. But that was the beginning.
The YM2612, a.k.a. OPN2, is a six-channel sound chip developed by Yamaha. It belongs to Yamaha's OPN family of FM synthesis chips used in several game and computer systems.
Developed as a stripped-down version of the YM2608, it lacks its larger sibling's ADPCM channel, Rhythm Sound System, SSG components, and GPIO ports. It also includes a simplified sound mixer with integrated DAC. It was also available in CMOS form, as the YM3438, a.k.a. OPN2C. It was most notably used in Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis video game console, as well as Fujitsu's FM Towns computer series. As with the YM3438, it was used by Sega in various arcade game systems, including the Mega-Play, System 18, and System 32.
The YM2612 has the following features:
Six monophonic FM channels (voices)
Four operators per channel
Two interval timers
A sine-wave low frequency oscillator
Analogue stereo output (most other contemporary Yamaha FM chips require a separate external digital-to-analog converter chip)
For channel 3, operator frequencies can be set independently, making dissonant harmonics possible. (Normally, they would have a simple relation like e.g. 2× or 3× relative to a common base frequency.)
Per-channel programmable stereo sound (left, right, or both left and right resulting in centre)
Patch compatibility with Yamaha DX/TX synthesizers, for example TX81Z, and others, once the user accounts for the differing parameter ranges displayed by the synths as a convenience to the user. This of course does not account for differences such as these synths not offering a sine wave for the LFO, differing clock rates and hence envelope speeds, and some particular sound signatures of the YM2612 as described next.
The major difference between the YM2612 and the YM2608 is the removal of the original accumulator-equipped sound mixer, which mixed together the 14-bit floating point output of the FM channels, followed by serial output to a separate DAC chip. Instead, the YM2612 uses a simpler time-division sound multiplexer, which first truncates the 14-bit channel output to 9-bits, then loops through outputting each channel in sequence via a built-in DAC.
The DAC in the YM2612 introduces a glitch in the negative edge of waveforms, shifting that side out of place, causing a distinctive form of distortion that becomes more pronounced as tones decay. This has become known among fans as the "ladder effect". Post-YM2612 sound filtering circuitry varied in degree and quality between devices using the YM2612, affecting the sound quality even further.
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