Gold.

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Re: Gold.

Postby Elihu » Wed Mar 14, 2012 8:36 am

http://professorfekete.com/articles%5CA ... nEntry.pdf

How to Ensure the Stability of the New European Currencies?
Antal E. Fekete
In 1971 gold was exiled from the international monetary system where it had played the role of monarch for thousands of years. Reason: the U.S. had to save face after president Nixon fraudulently defaulted on American gold obligations. It was fraudulent because America did have the gold to pay its debt as contracted. Since that time untold amounts of dollars were spent by the twelve Federal Reserve banks in the form of research grants and stipends to develop a pseudo-scientific theory to justify the coercive removal of gold from the world economy, and the equally coercive introduction of the irredeemable dollar.

There is nothing new about the defaulting banker trying to promote his dishonoured paper. Never in the history of science has more money been disbursed than during the past forty years on hiring a corps of sycophants to shore up a false theory. They produced mere propaganda material dressed up with charts and equations, expressed in scientific jargon, to show that gold was useless, even wasteful, an anachronism embodying superstition and worse. “Gold must go”. The irredeemable dollar was the “wave of the future”. It had the same debt-extinguishing power as gold it was destined to supplant. And, above all, it could be ‘scientifically’ micro-managed that gold could not.

Nobody pointed it out that this was pure “sour-grape syndrome” all over again from Aesop’s fables. The fox in the vineyard was trying hard to sample the grapes. But no matter how high he jumped, he couldn’t reach them. When finally he gave up, he departed with the comment: “the grapes were sour anyway”. Indeed, if gold was so sour, why didn’t the U.S. government let it go? That’s the funny part.

The sad part is that gold, far from being useless, is the only ultimate extinguisher of debt. There is no other way to reduce total debt. Paying a debt with dollars merely shifts debt from the liability column of the balance sheet of the previous debtor to that a bank or, ultimately, to the liability column of the balance sheet of the U.S. Treasury where all the bad debt of the world (including the bad debt of the Greek government) keeps accumulating. All this bad debt would have been extinguished long ago, had gold not been foolishly exorcised from the international monetary system. After all is said and done, the dollar has not the same debt-extinguishing power as gold. America has turned itself from the benefactor of the world to a parasitic tyrant. It pilfers and robs other countries by paying for its imports with make-believe chits, the circulation of which is reinforced by the world-wide deployment of its military power. Its monument is the runaway debt tower threatening to bury people alive underneath the debris after it collapses.

The question why the Fed and the U.S. Treasury are allowed to issue bills of credit which they have neither the means nor the intention to honour while everybody else doing likewise would be prosecuted for fraud is under strict interdiction. The popular name of this type of fraud is check-kiting that consists of issuing fraudulent credit by one party on the collateral security of the fraudulent credit issued by the other.

The Great Financial Crisis is a debt crisis, and gold is the key to the solution. Gold coins must be put back into circulation. This can be accomplished by a two-pronged programme: 1. Opening the European Mints to the free and unlimited coinage of gold; 2. Refinancing the short-term, high-interest debt of the European governments in terms of long-term, low-interest, gold-bonded debt. The problems of Greece and other indebted countries cannot be worked out in a crisis-atmosphere while the European Monetary authorities bombard them with bribes and blackmail, and threaten them with deadlines only a month or two away.

At any rate, we are all in the same boat. The “holier than thou” approach won’t work. All other countries in Europe and elsewhere have sinned as well. Their turn to be chastised for their sins will not be long in coming. Their sin is that they have let the Americans get away with bloody murder.

1. Open sesame! Open the Mint to gold!
Gold to the Mint will come from other countries. Having been coined in Athens, some of it may leave Greece. But some will stay and participate in the reconstruction of the Greek economy. Circulating gold coinage will have the same effect as a spring shower. It will fertilize productive forces in the country. The new gold coins will not disappear from circulation into hoards. Once people realize that the Mint is going to remain open to gold for good, they will lose interest in hoarding. You can spend your gold coin confidently, because you can always get it back on the same terms.

The Mint will open to silver as well to provide hand-to-hand money for smaller purchases and paying wages. That will be the day, when laborers get their wages in the form of shiny and clinking silver coins! There is nothing like coins with a ring when it comes to boosting morale and propping up work ethics. For best results countries of Euroland should simultaneously reintroduce circulating gold and silver coins, thus resurrecting the now defunct Latin Monetary Union (1867-1929).

2. Bring back, oh bring back gold bonds to me!
Countries of Euroland should refinance their farcical debt denominated in euros with bonds denominated in gold. Issuing debt maturing into more debt of the same kind is indeed a farce. Gold bonds should be auctioned off against outstanding euro-denominated debt. Holders of debt, happy to carry euro-obligations, should be allowed to do so. But the same freedom of choice must be made available to those who are not happy to carry bonds payable in irredeemable currency! Let the people choose between paper and gold.

Gold francs and silver thalers are the ultimate catalyst between the creation and retirement of debt. They can test the quality of debt. They reveal whether debt was contracted in good faith, or whether it was embraced frivolously. The Latin Monetary Union is a model still relevant in our world. It is a beacon of hope in turbulent times showing the path for debt-stricken nations to follow.

Gold is also relevant to the problem of extirpating ‘structural’ unemployment a concept unknown before the 20th century. The German economist Heinrich Rittershausen (1898-1984) showed that the forcible removal of real bills from the economy, followed by the removal of gold, was directly responsible for the horrible unemployment of the 1930’s. These measures destroyed the wage fund out of which labor that produced as yet unsold merchandise destined to be consumed presently could be paid now. (Arbeitslosigkeit und Kapitalbildung, 1930).

It will take time before economic science can purge its body and soul of the false and vicious anti-gold propaganda, and of the shameless fiat-money agitation which it was forced to imbibe during the past two score of years. Real research on gold circulation, on gold hoarding/dishoarding, and on the role of gold in the formation of the rate of interest and the discount rate must be allowed to start without delay.

The gag order on speaking the truth in money matters must be lifted. It should be permissible once again:
----to say that a legal system incorporating double standard of justice will self-destruct in due course;
----to say that the Fed and the U.S. Treasury usurp the power of issuing bills of credit that they have neither the means nor the intention to honour;
----to say that the Fed and the U.S. Treasury are guilty of check-kiting which, if practiced by anybody else, would result in criminal prosecution.

The best guarantee of the stability of the new European currencies is economic science free of deliberate lies, distortions, cover-ups and interdiction on speaking the truth.
March 6, 2012.
But take heart, because I have overcome the world.” John 16:33
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Re: Gold.

Postby eyeno » Wed Mar 14, 2012 9:17 am

jack you ever read any of those old stories about gold treasure? the ones where the people that help dig the hole to hide the treasure are shot and thrown in the hole with the treasure? many years later when the treasure is dug up there are bones in the hole with the treasure? pretty freaky isn't it? that shit always happens. pirate days, french revolution, russian revolution, you name it. these are interesting stories. the people manning the shovel always suspect they are such an integral part of the process that they are not expendable. gold for what it is, or is not, is what it is...same thing happens around it every single time. gold is hell, life is a bitch, and and the people that own it are some mean son of a bitches...
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Re: Gold.

Postby Joe Hillshoist » Wed Mar 14, 2012 7:18 pm

eyeno wrote:jack you ever read any of those old stories about gold treasure? the ones where the people that help dig the hole to hide the treasure are shot and thrown in the hole with the treasure? many years later when the treasure is dug up there are bones in the hole with the treasure? pretty freaky isn't it? that shit always happens. pirate days, french revolution, russian revolution, you name it. these are interesting stories. the people manning the shovel always suspect they are such an integral part of the process that they are not expendable. gold for what it is, or is not, is what it is...same thing happens around it every single time. gold is hell, life is a bitch, and and the people that own it are some mean son of a bitches...


Wow thats spot on.

Reminds of the story Chopper Reid had.
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Re: Gold.

Postby JackRiddler » Wed Mar 14, 2012 8:38 pm

Elihu's choice of out-of-context fragment from JackRiddler wrote:
Do you propose a confiscation of all gold jewelry prior to this minting of new coins,


Elihu wrote:always the god-like power of the state with you isn't it?


If you cut off my words and radically re-interpret them to the opposite of my clearly intended meaning, I suppose.

This isn't the first time. You are a dishonest actor.

.

Elihu also evaded the question, which I repeat not in the hope that he would give an honest answer, or even to address him any more, as he does not merit it. (Elihu had best stay away from me, and if he-she-it wishes to quote, had best quote in full, as it-she-he clearly cannot be trusted to do right.)

But for other readers, to show the problem with gold delusions:

50+ percent of gold is in jewelry. Elihu underlines that no more than a fraction of the gold already in circulation can be added in any given year by gold mines*

Should people who own a lot of jewelry be the new ruling class? What about the gold ETFs, should they get to corner the market on money itself? Should gold mine owners like George Bush Sr. (part owner of Barrick International) be the new central banks?

* Death-labor camps of a sort that the freedom-loving anti-statist goldbug libertarian constitutionalists don't seem to mind.

Image
Congo

Image
Barrick armed guards in Dominican Republic.

http://kickoutsodexo.usas.org/2011/10/1 ... rick-mine/
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Re: Gold.

Postby Elihu » Thu Mar 15, 2012 11:18 am

Elihu also evaded the question, which I repeat
Should people who own a lot of jewelry be the new ruling class?
who said anything about a new ruling class? this is about dis-enfranchising the one we have now. above you quoted approvingly of the communist manifesto idea of a credit monopoly. we have a credit monopoly now. imho the world is now experiencing the fruit of 100 years of its existence. some people, like you apparently, mistakenly imho, think that a monopoly is okay if we could only get the proper humanitarians to run it. i think i stand on firm ground when i conclude that there is no such thing as a benevolent monopoly. it's an impossibility, a contradiction. they are all degenerative, unfair, exploitative, inefficient and in their penultimate stages, absurd, monstrous and dissolve into chaos. and the key element to understand is that all monopolies require the force of the state to exist long term. so they pervert the people's government.
What about the gold ETFs, should they get to corner the market on money itself? Should gold mine owners like George Bush Sr. (part owner of Barrick International) be the new central banks?
end prohibition. there won't be any etf's or a central bank. we have a fundamental mis-comprehension of economics. i'm trying to think of what things could be where you seem to be trying to apply the concepts to things as they are now. some seem to think controlling economics centrally can improve society after the fact. i am suggesting controlling society before the fact by freeing economics from central control and the currently enforced, institutionalized unfairness. the state still plays a paramount role, this is not anarchy. an interesting idea imo. if one connects it in any way to the world's situation today.
But take heart, because I have overcome the world.” John 16:33
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Re: Gold.

Postby Elihu » Sun Dec 16, 2012 12:14 am

The Gold Standard The Gold Standard Institute
Issue #24 ● 15 December 2012 11

Orphans of the Sky

Some of my previous articles touched on a major obstacle to the return of gold as money. I suggested that many of the people best able to aid gold’s fight are also smart enough to make an easy living off the fiat system. This topic deserves additional treatment. There is more going on than meets the eye.

The subject came to mind recently when I was thinking about one of my favorite Heinlein novels, Orphans of the Sky. The book raises fascinating questions particularly relevant to gold supporters. Set onboard an ancient starship, the story’s protagonists confront problems well known to true monetary scientists. Although written in 1941, it foreshadows our current plight and offers valuable insights for our cause.

Heinlein imagined far-sighted men conceiving and launching a massive expedition to colonize another star. Given the immense journey length, they intended the crew to found a sustainable society on the ship. Only after many generations would descendents of the original “colonists” complete their ancestors’ mission.

Designers compensated for the anticipated inexperience and artificiality of upbringing in those born aboard, but tragedy struck regardless. Crewmen mutinied and killed the officers, thereby initiating a dark age in the midst of mankind’s highest technological achievements. Although critical equipment still functioned and surviving inhabitants retained a stable civilized order, their offspring grew increasingly ignorant.

With no readily accessible windows to view the deep space outside, future generations came to regard the ship itself as the entire universe. Eventually, even the smartest people on board never understood their environment was a ship at all.

Does this sound depressingly like the evolution of prevailing views on the nature of money and banking? That money is paper or binary code memory rather than gold? That central banks always existed, and must survive lest our economy implode? That inflation is unavoidable, and actually beneficial in small amounts? And that illiteracy and innumeracy hinder most people’s critical analysis of such orthodoxy?

What useful ideas can we take from the story? The leadership of the book’s closed society maintained control by hoarding surviving knowledge and burying the ship’s origins. With the passage of time, the rulers themselves came to be born ignorant. Heinlein’s heroes pieced together the true story and sought to regain their birthright.

But they faced difficulties in explaining it to potential allies. For example, the ship’s hull being impervious to available tools, how could someone imagine what was on the other side, or why the mental exercise was worth the effort? And if a prospect could grapple with such ideas, would he simultaneously overcome the fear naturally accompanying this line of inquiry? Similarly, today few people have the inclination or courage to imagine a world without the Federal Reserve or fiat money.

And this is a big part of our problem. We are asking people to become real pioneers, when for generations they have not had to think hard on new ideas or solve life-and-death problems. Those rare remaining elders who experienced the Great Depression are ignored or ridiculed when they talk of prudence and restraint.

It is a daunting task for someone to face reality squarely when neither they nor their parents ever had to do so. Much easier, unfortunately, to decide to aim for personal security through the artificial intervention of government, either as a recipient of state favors or as a successful player of the political power game.

On the other hand, we are not too far along the road to a medieval society. And the internet helps our cause greatly. Windows to the true, wider reality of our world are mere seconds away from someone with even a moderate determination to learn.

This is why we gain the best odds of success by making the idea of gold money less frightening through education. Unfortunately the typical man today fears the unknown more than his familiar, sad existence under fiat money. Nevertheless, showing him how greater choice and self-reliance lead to a better life in the long-run is our winning approach. Education is our best weapon.

Orphans’ heroes eventually succeed, though not exactly in the way their ship’s designers intended. The book’s final scenes are incredibly moving, as the characters experience viscerally just what it means to confront the bewildering, dizzying unknown and struggle to gain a psychological foothold.

As gold’s standard-bearers our obstacle course is different, but it also can be completed, especially since we have the advantage of history as our guide. Let us keep up the fight. Following in Heinlein’s footsteps, Spider Robinson had one of his characters sing some memorable lines about encouraging oneself in a great undertaking:

It would not be so lonely to die if I knew
I had died on the way to the stars.

May each of us, long-time hard money booster or new student, not only maintain our optimism, but also, more importantly, fear nothing.
Publius
But take heart, because I have overcome the world.” John 16:33
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Re: Gold.

Postby brainpanhandler » Thu Jan 17, 2013 2:24 am

Paranthetical comments/?'s mine.

Germany to Move 674 Tons of Gold

FRANKFURT — Nearly half of Germany’s gold reserves are held in a vault at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York — billions of dollars worth of postwar geopolitical history squirreled away for safe keeping below the streets of Lower Manhattan.

Now the German central bank wants to make a big withdrawal — 300 tons in all.

On Wednesday, the Bundesbank said that it would begin moving some of the reserves, the second-largest stock in the world after that of the United States.

...

For the great many Germans who still rue the day they had to trade their marks for euros, there has been at least one consolation. If the common currency did not work out, Germany still had huge reserves of the hardest currency of all: gold.

Except, as many people learned for the first time last year, it did not — at least not in the country itself.

More than two-thirds of Germany’s gold reserves, valued at 137 billion euros, or $183 billion, is abroad, stored in vaults in New York, Paris and London.

The new policy will include the complete withdrawal of 374 tons of German gold stored at the Banque de France in Paris, about 11 percent of the total. Bundesbank officials were quick to note that the decision was not a reflection of French trustworthiness. Rather, because France and Germany now share the euro, there is no need for reserves as insurance against currency crises.

“The gold in Paris is in the best of hands,” Mr. Thiele said on Wednesday. “We are thankful to the Bank of France for storing it.”

(heh. I used that trick once on a thief who i new had found my wallet.)

Still, news of the planned transfer caused some clucking in financial circles after news leaked out on Tuesday. “Central banks don’t trust each other?” William H. Gross, a founder and managing director of the investment firm Pimco, asked on Twitter.
(should they? If they're big enough then they're fully vested partners and it seems to me have no worries)

...

Mr. Thiele acknowledged that Germans could get emotional about their gold, but he insisted that the Bundesbank made its decision to repatriate the treasure independently and not because of a public outcry last year after reports suggested the gold was not properly accounted for.
(Despite Mr. Thiele's claim here I suspect this transfer is largely domestic political theater for the germans)

...


Mr. Thiele said that he and other Bundesbank officials personally visited the German gold abroad and that he was satisfied that it was all there.

(What would/could he say if it wasn't? If it wasn't and he said it was would anything change at all?)

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/17/busin ... .html?_r=0




Germany to bring home some of its gold reserves

Then he showed a crowd of reporters some bars of gold, along with the tools used to check their purity.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ger ... story.html



Barracuda wrote:because out of all the ways to produce wealth, only one produces gold and that is mining,


What if the french don't have it? "Yah, sorry. We spent that. Don’t worry though. We’ll go get some more”
"Nothing in all the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity." - Martin Luther King Jr.
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Re: Gold.

Postby JackRiddler » Mon Mar 11, 2013 11:04 pm

Now this is embarrassing.

I seem to remember posting a big thing about gold mines - how many hundreds of thousands of tons have to be mined to extract a small number of tons of gold, and under what conditions.

But I can't find my own post. Am I crazy? Does anyone remember it?
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Re: Gold.

Postby 82_28 » Tue Mar 12, 2013 1:42 am

MinM will find it! :partyhat
There is no me. There is no you. There is all. There is no you. There is no me. And that is all. A profound acceptance of an enormous pageantry. A haunting certainty that the unifying principle of this universe is love. -- Propagandhi
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Re: Gold.

Postby JackRiddler » Tue Mar 12, 2013 11:38 am

In this case, MinM cannot find it, because my memory was mistaken. I never posted it. It was an aside to research I'd done for another purpose. Very sorry for the pointless request.

Here's the gist:

Enormous amounts of earth must be mined to produce a vanishingly small quantity of gold. Here's the data from one viable mine belonging to GFI - Gold Fields International, South African company - at the Tarkwa mine in Ghana.

See http://www.goldfields.co.za/ops_int_tarkwa.php

Image

The data GFI presents on the table at that page shows that in 2011, 117,156 kt of earth (i.e., kilotonnes, meaning 117,165,000 tonnes a.k.a. 117.2 million tonnes) were extracted from the "open pit surface operation" at Tarkwa to gain 21,876 kt of ore (meaning 21,876,000 million tonnes a.k.a. 21.9 million tonnes). The table helpfully notes that this makes for a "Waste:Ore" ratio of 4.4 metric tonnes of waste for each single metric tonne of ore mined. However, this figure, given in the top section of the table, is not particularly relevant to environmental impact, because the 21.9 million tonnes of "ore" is itself almost entirely waste. The final product in pure gold for the market, as far as I know the only marketable thing produced by this operation, is 22.3 tons of pure gold. That means it takes about a million tonnes of ore to produce one tonne of product. In giving the figure for the final gold product, however, the table switches to kg and presents it as 22,312 kg (so kt for "Total mined" but kg for "Total Gold Produced.") This means both the original "Total mined" and the "Total Gold produced" figures are rendered in the table as five digits, although if compared directly in the same unit of measurement they differ by six digits (a factor of 10^6). Bottom line, the Ghanaian mine produced 22.4 tons of pure gold (also given as 717,000 oz) after digging out 117,000,000 tons of earth, which means 5.4 million tonnes of earth extracted per tonne of gold.

And this doesn't even begin to cover the water and chemicals and energy involved in the separation of the ore from the "waste" earth and the processing of the ore to produce the pure gold. All this to get a shiny, beautifully malleable metal that is already in abundance for its industrial uses; but that remains in far higher demand because some people will always believe it is God's Money and an even larger number persist in the belief that it is the True Symbol of Love.

To sum up, the real waste-to-product ratio in gold mining appears to be 5.4 million:1. This will differ at various locations, but it will still be millions to one. I didn't even believe it, so I invite anyone to check the above arithmetic. For example, am I mistaken in my understanding of the relative meanings of kt and kg as used in the GFI table?

.

Gold Fields International wrote:West Africa is host to world-class gold deposits and is a premier mining destination. The Gold Fields brand is strong in the region and Tarkwa is ideally positioned to fulfil the Gold Fields vision “To be the global leader in sustainable gold mining”.

PRODUCTION: 22,312 kg (717,000 ozs) TOTAL CASH COSTS: US$552/oz

Gold Fields Ghana Limited (GFGL) was incorporated in Ghana in 1993 as the legal entity holding the Tarkwa concession mining rights. Gold Fields Ghana Holdings Limited now holds 90% of the issued shares of GFGL after acquiring the indirect 18.9% of the issued shares belonging to IAMGold and its affiliates. The government of Ghana holds a 10% free carried interest, as required under the mining law of Ghana. The Tarkwa Gold Mine operates under seven mining leases covering a total area of approximately 20,825 hectares.

The Tarkwa Gold Mine is located in southwestern Ghana near the southern end of what is commonly referred to as the Tarkwa Basin, 300 kilometres by road west of Accra, the capital of Ghana, and is easily accessible with an established infrastructure.

The open pit surface operation exploits narrow, tabular auriferous conglomerates similar to those mined in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa. Mining is currently taking place from six pits, Pepe, Atuabo, Mantraim, Teberebie, Akontansi and Kottraverchy and the mine utilises a conventional CIL plant as well as a heap leach facility. In the twelve months ending December 2011, Tarkwa produced 717 koz of gold from the milling and heap leach operations at a cash cost of US$552/oz.

This Technical Short Form Report reflects the latest Life of Mine plan input parameters, coupled with an updated Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve statement, as at 31 December 2011. All Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve figures reported are managed unless otherwise stated and Mineral Resources are inclusive of Mineral Reserves.


Hmm, Tarkwa Basin... isn't "basin" a geographical feature somehow related to water?
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Re: Gold.

Postby Iamwhomiam » Tue Mar 12, 2013 6:06 pm

Jack, Frontline partnered with the NY Times some time ago and produced a very good series disclosing environmental and political corruption that goes hand-in-hand with this extractive technology.

The six Times articles related to this series had great photos and ran from October 24 to December 30, 2005.

Here's The Frontline home page for this series, Peru, The Curse of Inca Gold, October 2005
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/peru404/

From, The Toxic Shimmer of Gold,
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/peru404/environmental.html

"Today most mining operations use a process called heap-leaching, where gold is chemically sifted from huge piles of low-grade ore using a water-based sodium cyanide solution. To get a sense of the scale of the process, at the Yanacocha mine in Peru for example, Newmont Mining must extract and leach approximately 30 tons of dirt and rock to recover just one ounce of gold."

The videos are powerful,
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/watch/player.html?pkg=404_peru&seg=1&mod=0

Montesinos's Web, details corruption in print and videos.
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Re: Gold.

Postby 82_28 » Tue Mar 12, 2013 10:25 pm

Before I delved in full bore, so to speak, into the history of this area, I never considered the narrative of "just a gold rush" happened as having been a grand scam on the poor. But in about two years of research and not reading any kind of actual third party books on the subject, I came to the conclusion myself that the "gold rushes" were all bullshit. It was a way to sell merchandise and populate, populate and sell merchandise. Then I happened upon a few books and my conclusions were agreed on far before me. REI and Eddie Bauer are direct descendants of this business and population plan that sold the primitive shit dudes needed to mostly go die in Nome, shipped the ladies in from the east for their male heavy encampments and etc whilst attracting rich, what we call now, "developers" to do the dusting up and PROFITING. The gold, as far as my approximation, as a lower class, lower middle class human or DIRT POOR and foreign NEVER FUCKING EXISTED for them. Guys would spend every last cent to get across the country to Seattle and then secure a spot on a steamer that would take them to Nome and then they would die.

There were no IDs back then. Your name was your name. If you died, you just died and nobody ever knew the better.
There is no me. There is no you. There is all. There is no you. There is no me. And that is all. A profound acceptance of an enormous pageantry. A haunting certainty that the unifying principle of this universe is love. -- Propagandhi
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Re: Gold.

Postby JackRiddler » Wed Mar 13, 2013 3:34 pm

Nice comments, iamwhoiam and 82_28. Should watch the videos at some point.

Yeah, the gold rushes were really all about attracting population. The ones who got rich were the merchants, though we more often hear the quasi-legends of gold prospectors who hit it big, just like today we hear about the one lottery jackpot winner and not the 175,000,000 (on average) buyers of losing tickets.
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I am by virtue of its might divine,
The highest Wisdom and the first Love.

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Re: Gold.

Postby Iamwhomiam » Wed Mar 13, 2013 8:29 pm

Rail Baron:
Hey! Those railroads were expensive to build; just ask the Indians. Somebody's gotta pay for 'em!
Indians got no money!

It's not my fault somebody started a rumor about there being gold in them thar hills after I dropped my pocket watch in the dirt. It's not my fault they bought a hundred thousand tickets west and I got even richer.
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Re: Gold.

Postby Nordic » Thu Mar 14, 2013 3:12 am

Another page of American history turns out to be a myth?
"He who wounds the ecosphere literally wounds God" -- Philip K. Dick
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Joined: Fri Nov 10, 2006 3:36 am
Location: California USA
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