Octopuses share 'living ancestor'
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7749447.stm
11 Nov 08
Many of the world's deep-sea octopuses evolved from a common ancestor, whose closest relative still exists in the Southern Ocean, a study has shown.
Researchers suggest that the creatures evolved after being driven to other ocean basins 30 million years ago by nutrient-rich and salty currents.
The findings form part of a decade-long global research programme to learn more about life in the world's oceans.
The first Census of Marine Life (CoML) is set to be completed in late 2010.
The project, which began back in 2000, involves more than 2,000 scientists from 82 nations.
The research into the evolution of deep-sea octopuses was part of a programme called the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML), explained Ron O'Dor, CoML's co-senior scientist.
"Many of these octopuses were collected from the deep sea by a number of the CoML's different projects," he told BBC News.
"All of that material was brought together and made available to Dr Jan Strugnell, a biologist at Queen's University Belfast, and she used this material to carry out DNA studies.
"She was looking at the relationship between these different deep-sea octopuses and how they originated.
"She has been able to trace the timeline for their distribution back 30 million years to a common ancestor."
The species could all be traced back to a shallow-water octopus that lived in the Southern Ocean. Today, the creature's closest living relative (Megaleledone setebos) can still be found in the icy waters around Antarctica.
